An Email-Ready Link
As you requested, here is a ready-to-email link to this page.
The URL is:
https://onlineraceresults.com/race/view_plain_text.php?race_id=11233
Simply include this URL in an email to friends or family members, and they will be able to reach this page directly.
RRR Triathlon - Male/Female Age Group Results
RRR TRIATHLON
DERBY KS
AUGUST 16, 2009
OFFICIAL AGE GROUP RESULTS
MALE AGE GROUP: 1 - 19
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Eric Anders 17 Belle Plaine KS 1:10:43 7:01 0:53 42:43 0:23 19:40 22
2 Kevin Allen 10 Olathe KS 1:13:27 9:31 0:33 41:40 0:46 20:54 117
3 Travis Diener 18 Lyons KS 1:18:12 7:49 2:15 47:54 0:21 19:51 15
4 Nick Canfield 19 Liberal KS 1:20:22 10:21 1:33 44:30 0:53 23:04 107
5 Eyan Roth 16 Hesston KS 1:20:51 9:35 1:14 47:47 0:29 21:45 122
6 Nick Ewing 16 Wellington KS 1:21:11 7:56 0:56 48:16 0:46 23:15 37
7 Ben Karnes 17 Haysville KS 1:25:26 6:05 2:37 52:34 0:30 23:38 9
8 Garrett Allaman 16 Liberal KS 1:30:47 11:19 2:15 58:17 0:22 18:32 136
9 Richard Zirkle 13 Derby KS 1:44:52 7:47 1:42 1:03:20 0:44 31:18 49
FEMALE AGE GROUP: 1 - 19
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Nichole Kolarik 15 Pittsburg KS 1:27:33 7:44 1:13 52:22 0:26 25:45 28
2 Maranda Russell 15 Pittsburg KS 1:42:10 7:10 1:28 57:18 0:22 35:49 27
3 Drew Lyon 19 Wichita KS 1:45:52 9:37 1:53 56:56 1:00 36:24 145
4 Lydia Holmes 19 Wichita KS 1:50:39 9:03 1:45 1:05:35 0:48 33:25 120
5 Danielle Gauna 19 Derby KS 1:54:23 8:01 2:06 1:10:55 0:27 32:52 51
MALE AGE GROUP: 20 - 24
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Preston Stephens 20 Manhattan KS 1:15:35 7:15 1:35 44:41 0:28 21:34 20
2 Tim Wedan 24 Lawrence KS 1:17:51 8:16 1:35 43:02 0:27 24:29 118
3 Greg Osborne 23 Tahlequah OK 1:21:14 8:15 2:24 47:13 0:32 22:49 75
4 Kyle Riffel 24 Wichita KS 1:23:56 9:38 0:58 46:17 0:18 26:44 113
5 Wilson Yip 21 Wichita KS 1:24:34 5:11 1:00 58:04 0:26 19:50 3
6 Sean Marshall 22 Haysville KS 1:30:45 10:19 1:33 56:07 0:40 22:04 94
7 Andrew Stanton 21 Wichita KS 1:32:14 6:18 0:43 1:02:47 0:37 21:46 6
8 Dusty Atterbury 22 Wichita KS 1:38:08 10:28 1:24 58:41 1:16 26:17 80
9 Andrew Parish 22 Wichita KS 1:48:55 10:21 1:22 1:03:56 0:33 32:42 156
FEMALE AGE GROUP: 20 - 24
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Kate Robinson 24 El Dorado KS 1:16:47 7:20 0:39 45:02 0:27 23:18 68
2 Camille Johnson 24 Wichita KS 1:17:15 8:10 1:06 45:42 0:46 21:30 46
3 Jamie Morton 24 Clearwater KS 1:19:43 8:28 0:23 43:42 0:24 26:45 53
4 Aimee Melton 24 Wichita KS 1:29:18 8:41 1:35 47:25 0:57 30:37 74
5 Raeann Moreno 23 Wichita KS 1:40:34 9:57 1:52 58:06 1:22 29:16 128
6 Kyle Parish 23 Wichita KS 1:44:08 9:05 1:13 58:23 0:51 34:34 96
7 Kelsey Riffel 23 Wichita KS 1:49:00 13:41 1:29 59:40 1:04 33:04 164
8 Sarah Christians 21 Derby KS 1:52:12 8:47 1:26 1:02:59 0:34 38:23 40
9 Ashley Melton 24 Kansas City KS 1:53:33 10:30 1:36 1:02:25 2:19 36:40 121
MALE AGE GROUP: 25 - 29
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Kevin Nickel 28 Newton KS 1:00:31 6:13 0:25 36:09 0:21 17:21 18
2 Andrew Alexander 29 Wichita KS 1:06:35 7:00 0:55 37:57 0:27 20:15 30
3 Brett Cikanek 25 Shawnee KS 1:07:33 6:35 0:47 38:43 0:28 20:59 5
4 Adam Taylor 25 Olathe KS 1:09:11 7:33 0:45 42:00 0:20 18:32 12
5 Zach Jones 28 Wichita KS 1:10:50 8:11 0:37 42:09 0:58 18:54 76
6 Jeff Keele-Lien 28 Wichita KS 1:11:06 7:33 0:34 39:39 0:23 22:55 48
7 Jeff Francis 29 Bel Aire KS 1:17:45 5:55 2:09 46:21 0:40 22:38 1
8 Matt Morris 26 Wichita KS 1:20:03 8:04 1:05 49:00 1:31 20:22 21
9 Quinton Gaspard 28 Wichita KS 1:22:32 10:03 2:47 47:21 0:30 21:48 110
10 Lucas Winfrey 28 Wichita KS 1:25:18 9:04 1:23 49:59 0:54 23:55 150
11 Buck Verbeck 25 Arkansas City KS 1:26:53 8:25 1:17 48:53 0:38 27:37 25
12 Jeremiah Shull 29 Winfield KS 1:27:40 10:18 1:12 47:58 0:53 27:18 55
13 Ryan Bond 28 Wichita KS 1:28:28 9:35 1:40 51:07 1:00 25:05 139
14 Chris Penney 29 Wichita KS 1:29:07 6:13 1:55 49:57 1:23 29:37 7
FEMALE AGE GROUP: 25 - 29
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Anna Woods 27 Hillsboro KS 1:18:46 8:24 0:38 46:03 0:33 23:07 63
2 Tanya Molleker 29 Valley Center KS 1:20:58 8:03 0:44 47:53 0:39 23:37 42
3 Meredith Reuter 27 Wichita KS 1:31:43 9:42 1:54 49:31 1:11 29:22 82
4 Andrea Wells 26 Wichita KS 1:32:37 8:52 1:22 50:36 0:36 31:09 70
5 Leigh Ann Verbeck 25 Arkansas City KS 1:56:30 10:49 2:08 1:02:53 1:11 39:26 103
6 Patty Sanchez 29 Wichita KS 1:59:45 11:17 4:12 1:12:00 1:10 31:04 105
MALE AGE GROUP: 30 - 34
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Scott Wadle 30 Wichita KS 1:13:37 9:25 1:25 40:54 0:29 21:21 79
2 Austin Gillen 32 Wichita KS 1:16:10 7:41 1:16 44:40 0:40 21:51 24
3 Jimmy Adams 33 Wichita KS 1:18:37 6:59 1:16 43:35 0:59 25:46 19
4 Adam Fortner 31 Mulvane KS 1:20:38 7:53 1:01 47:35 0:32 23:35 26
5 David Snider 30 Wichita KS 1:21:43 8:36 1:51 44:09 0:49 26:16 43
6 Ed Armendariz 33 Wichita KS 1:21:58 10:33 1:27 46:10 0:29 23:17 69
7 Jon Rolph 30 Wichita KS 1:22:28 7:00 1:22 46:54 0:47 26:24 41
8 Dustin Stalter 31 Wichita KS 1:23:30 10:29 1:11 44:54 1:13 25:41 127
9 Drew Johnston 34 Mulvane KS 1:25:28 8:19 1:02 49:55 0:16 25:54 66
10 Chad Wetta 33 Wichita KS 1:35:42 13:21 1:58 52:19 0:27 27:35 161
11 Brian Sandberg 31 Wichita KS 1:42:18 11:32 2:18 1:00:09 0:52 27:26 142
FEMALE AGE GROUP: 30 - 34
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Saadia Coppedge 33 Manhattan KS 1:25:58 10:28 1:17 50:16 1:01 22:54 140
2 Sara Kay Carrell 32 Hays KS 1:32:03 10:27 2:47 47:07 2:12 29:28 111
3 Shelly Stumpe 33 Wichita KS 1:34:24 8:41 1:59 53:26 0:47 29:29 56
4 Lisa Stansfield 33 Derby KS 1:41:45 11:31 1:44 1:00:31 0:40 27:18 149
5 Becky Bauman 32 Sabetha KS 1:42:47 11:30 1:35 59:02 0:36 30:03 146
6 Mandy Sandberg 30 Wichita KS 1:45:20 11:31 1:37 1:01:40 0:31 29:59 165
7 Kendra Lay 32 Derby KS 1:50:19 10:02 1:56 1:06:14 0:40 31:25 133
8 Jenni Johnson 30 Derby KS 1:52:59 10:34 2:01 1:08:53 0:25 31:04 144
MALE AGE GROUP: 35 - 39
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Rodney Ward 39 Derby KS 1:08:14 6:30 1:04 38:55 0:40 21:02 31
2 Greg Jordan 39 Wichita KS 1:09:46 7:02 0:44 40:49 0:28 20:42 57
3 George Myers 38 El Dorado KS 1:11:37 7:07 0:46 44:02 0:41 19:00 4
4 Joe Soto 35 Wichita KS 1:12:05 7:48 0:24 42:40 0:27 20:44 59
5 Chris Jones 38 Olathe KS 1:15:55 8:07 0:52 42:29 0:43 23:43 73
6 Kyle Ricke 35 Andover KS 1:20:15 8:13 0:26 45:31 0:32 25:30 14
7 Randy McVay 37 Wichita KS 1:20:47 8:52 1:27 44:31 0:31 25:24 92
8 Adam Devault 35 Derby KS 1:22:47 9:27 1:48 43:30 0:58 27:03 88
9 Bill Robison 38 Wichita KS 1:24:40 8:27 2:14 45:50 1:06 27:02 50
10 David Ohnmeis 37 Wichita KS 1:27:28 8:30 1:53 46:22 1:16 29:26 89
11 Brandon Forssberg 37 Pratt KS 1:28:02 10:01 1:30 48:35 1:29 26:24 138
12 Bill Conlee 39 Wichita KS 1:35:19 11:46 1:58 45:08 1:24 35:02 137
13 David Shiflett 35 Wichita KS 1:37:31 7:44 1:37 51:27 0:43 35:58 52
14 Dustin Jackson 35 Wichita KS 1:39:41 10:39 1:28 58:30 0:41 28:20 143
FEMALE AGE GROUP: 35 - 39
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Sara Rosenkranz 39 Manhattan KS 1:10:24 6:20 0:49 40:44 0:37 21:53 16
2 Denise Schmidt 36 Augusta KS 1:15:51 6:39 0:40 46:27 0:40 21:24 17
3 Elizabeth Davis 37 Shawnee KS 1:42:05 10:05 1:47 54:49 3:18 32:03 97
4 Heather Brazzle 35 Manhattan KS 1:43:26 9:34 1:58 53:58 0:48 37:06 115
5 Jodi Sutton 38 Derby KS 1:43:27 8:35 2:02 56:07 0:52 35:48 166
6 Michelle Rodriguez 38 Derby KS 1:51:13 12:46 1:40 1:02:14 0:35 33:56 148
7 Kristin Carpenter 35 Maize KS 1:51:55 12:24 2:10 1:07:07 0:38 29:33 99
8 Dawn Kerr 38 Girard KS 1:52:43 10:21 1:16 1:04:18 2:01 34:46 151
MALE AGE GROUP: 40 - 44
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Lonnie Awtrey 44 Wichita KS 1:10:10 8:08 0:31 39:49 0:37 21:03 54
2 Bill Hetrick 41 Wichita KS 1:11:36 6:28 0:41 42:04 0:42 21:40 10
3 Peter Paulin 41 Leawood KS 1:12:01 8:52 0:36 38:50 0:30 23:11 86
4 Kurt Loehner 42 KS 1:20:53 8:13 0:39 45:17 0:29 26:13 39
5 Troy Scarlett 42 Sedgwick KS 1:22:18 10:57 1:30 43:14 1:09 25:27 34
6 Sean Buhlig 42 Derby KS 1:24:00 8:36 1:40 44:52 0:41 28:09 61
7 Matt Liston 41 Derby KS 1:25:22 7:40 1:57 48:06 0:17 27:19 47
8 Bryan Seibel 43 Lincoln NE 1:27:48 9:25 1:50 47:59 0:22 28:10 114
9 Mike Evans 40 Wichita KS 1:28:21 8:19 1:07 51:24 0:21 27:07 32
10 Kevin Payne 41 Augusta KS 1:33:53 10:47 1:55 46:52 1:02 33:15 112
11 Loren Kessinger 43 Andover KS 1:35:01 8:51 3:20 50:52 1:48 30:07 62
12 John Flanders 42 Derby KS 1:36:04 12:37 1:27 52:02 0:38 29:17 154
13 Tom Haist 43 Derby KS 1:36:13 9:42 1:44 52:04 0:37 32:05 38
14 David Curry 41 Andover KS 1:39:45 9:20 1:16 55:34 1:19 32:14 44
15 Joe Williams 42 Augusta KS 1:41:42 13:49 2:16 51:17 1:32 32:45 160
16 Mike Alderson 43 Wichita KS 1:46:20 10:09 1:44 1:01:28 0:41 32:17 159
17 Chuck Stansfield 40 Derby KS 1:57:40 10:11 1:47 1:05:01 1:23 39:17 147
FEMALE AGE GROUP: 40 - 44
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Jenny Ecord 42 Wichita KS 1:22:17 8:29 1:12 45:42 0:44 26:07 45
2 Patty Sanders-Dowty 41 Wichita KS 1:22:46 9:08 0:42 45:13 0:33 27:07 108
3 Kelly Moore 40 Wichita KS 1:26:45 8:20 1:41 49:09 0:36 26:57 71
4 Mellissa Johnston 41 Stillwater OK 1:33:55 9:31 2:17 49:43 1:42 30:40 81
5 Sherrie Hill 43 Derby KS 1:37:30 10:55 1:35 54:03 0:52 30:03 93
6 Jane Alderson 43 Wichita KS 1:40:23 11:49 1:43 56:28 0:26 29:55 158
7 Claire Allen 40 Olathe KS 1:41:52 11:57 1:17 58:37 1:24 28:35 116
8 Sara Keil 41 Derby KS 1:44:22 8:35 2:51 59:35 0:25 32:55 60
9 Teresa Segovia 41 Derby KS 1:45:09 14:01 1:31 57:42 0:24 31:29 153
10 Tracy Johnson 44 Hutch KS 1:45:48 11:34 0:56 54:03 1:24 37:48 167
MALE AGE GROUP: 45 - 49
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Wes Allred 47 Garden City KS 1:07:43 8:05 0:52 36:26 0:39 21:39 64
2 Jeff Tredway 48 Wichita KS 1:07:57 7:57 0:43 37:40 0:39 20:56 35
3 Charlie Fox 48 Wichita KS 1:15:41 9:20 1:29 40:51 1:10 22:48 104
4 Robert Donovan 47 Wichita KS 1:17:17 7:40 0:57 40:43 0:43 27:13 29
5 Jason Smith 47 Derby KS 1:31:48 10:40 1:42 50:39 0:25 28:20 125
6 Mark Deiter 46 Wichita KS 1:32:14 9:06 1:23 49:06 0:28 32:10 100
7 Rob Knapp 45 Wichita KS 1:32:17 5:55 1:38 46:36 1:26 36:40 8
8 Brian Anderson 47 Bel Air KS 1:49:39 11:11 3:18 57:25 1:57 35:46 168
9 Gary Gregory 49 Wichita KS DNF**** 7:01 0:31 41:49 23
FEMALE AGE GROUP: 45 - 49
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Carol Herter 47 Wichita KS 1:37:05 10:09 2:38 51:52 0:49 31:35 109
2 Wanda McCullogh 47 Winfield KS 1:48:35 11:34 2:31 57:01 0:41 36:46 72
3 Karin Koch 49 Wichita KS 2:01:37 10:11 2:58 1:11:54 2:22 34:10 126
MALE AGE GROUP: 50 - 54
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Kevin Kenney 52 Leewood KS 1:18:09 10:11 0:51 39:26 0:50 26:49 101
2 Dwayne Graham 54 Arkansas City KS 1:19:23 7:42 0:45 46:14 0:44 23:56 33
3 Craig Parman 53 Belle Plaine KS 1:21:57 6:39 1:22 44:54 0:50 28:09 13
4 David Niederee 53 Derby KS 1:26:25 10:19 1:43 40:58 0:53 32:30 106
5 Wayne Stout 50 Derby KS 1:27:11 8:47 2:32 46:34 0:23 28:53 77
6 Mark Wetzel 53 Derby KS 1:31:34 7:46 3:22 53:15 0:46 26:23 58
7 Dale Diener 54 Lyons KS 1:35:58 11:44 2:07 55:22 0:34 26:08 131
8 Brad Bugner 50 Wichita KS 1:38:21 9:14 1:24 48:46 0:54 38:01 84
9 Neil Andrews 53 Derby KS 1:41:42 12:06 4:23 57:30 0:40 27:00 141
FEMALE AGE GROUP: 50 - 54
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Lisa Marvin 52 Wichita KS 1:23:56 8:45 1:31 45:59 0:47 26:53 85
2 Teresa Robinson 54 Buhler KS 1:28:57 10:33 0:50 51:24 0:34 25:34 129
3 Teresa Deardorff 51 Topeka KS 1:36:18 9:48 1:27 47:49 1:04 36:08 102
4 Kathy Green 54 Wichita KS 1:52:17 14:19 1:23 57:19 1:37 37:36 157
5 Sandy Riffel 52 Wichita KS 1:54:59 10:47 1:34 1:03:17 0:42 38:37 163
6 Julie Ecker 51 Wichita KS 2:05:08 11:50 2:04 1:02:56 1:24 46:52 135
MALE AGE GROUP: 55 - 59
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Alan Birdsell 59 Hesston KS 1:36:05 12:19 1:24 52:22 1:03 28:55 132
2 Arthur Mould 59 Wichita KS 1:38:26 9:45 1:36 53:10 1:38 32:14 123
3 Mark Alft 55 Wichita KS 1:38:58 10:43 2:44 55:36 1:07 28:46 130
4 Bill Duckett 55 Wichita KS 1:44:37 12:42 3:19 55:07 0:47 32:39 155
FEMALE AGE GROUP: 55 - 59
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Marlys Morrisom 56 Wichita KS 1:29:59 9:37 1:23 46:33 1:01 31:23 78
MALE AGE GROUP: 60 - 64
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Paul Shimon 63 Winfield KS 1:21:15 9:29 1:02 44:21 1:05 25:16 65
2 Rich Wilson 60 Wichita KS 1:22:38 10:25 1:02 41:07 0:59 29:02 95
3 Jonathan Folber 62 Liberty MO 1:26:18 9:26 0:43 48:06 0:17 27:43 91
4 Jim Davis 62 Hutchinson KS 1:41:21 9:28 3:00 50:47 0:43 37:22 87
FEMALE AGE GROUP: 60 - 64
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
MALE AGE GROUP: 65 - 69
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 Wayne Van Andel 66 Wichita KS 1:36:39 10:44 1:42 55:22 1:24 27:25 134
FEMALE AGE GROUP: 65 - 69
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
MALE AGE GROUP: 70 - 74
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
FEMALE AGE GROUP: 70 - 74
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
MALE AGE GROUP: 75 - 79
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
1 David Arst 76 Wichita KS 1:43:36 13:30 1:09 55:05 2:18 31:33 152
FEMALE AGE GROUP: 75 - 79
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
MALE AGE GROUP: 80 - 98
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
FEMALE AGE GROUP: 80 - 98
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
MALE AGE GROUP: 99 - 99
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====
FEMALE AGE GROUP: 99 - 99
Place Name Age City/state Total Swim T1 Bike T2 Run Penalty No.
===== ======================= === =================== ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =====